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Animal Fats:
While most animal fats contain plainly as many calories as vegetable oils , plainly two contain necessary fatty acids in amounts sufficient to supply a dog's needs. These are the stout of the pig , normally called lard , and horse stout. The tallow of beef and mutton should never be applied as the sole source of strength for a dog because of their menial content of necessary fatty acids. Animal fats contain about 126 calories in every tablespoonful.


Cereal grains:
One of the major sources of carbohydrates , both for dogs and man , is the cereal grains. The useful carbohydrate in these grains is predominantly starch. Starch can similarly be purchased in pure profile , and contains about 29 calories per tablespoon , or about 464 calories per cup. Other sources of carbohydrate strength from cereal grains can be obtained from arid and cooked breakfast cereals , boiled rice , hominy grits , corn meal , and in the milled profile , such as flour. Cereal mote products should never constitute supplemental than about 50 percent of the arid matter of a dog's diet.

Potatoes:
Except for the fact that potatoes hold supplemental water in them , the amount of carbohydrates in potatoes is nearly the same as in the cereal grains. Potatoes can be applied interchangeably with those cereals that are fed in the boiled declare. Like cereals , potatoes should never constitute supplemental than 50 percent of the arid matter of the diet.

Bread:
As a source of carbohydrates in a diet , white or whole wheat bread ranks among the better ''natural'' foods available to a dog feeder. It usually is fortified with vitamins and minerals , is palatable to most dogs , and is always available and inexpensive. Some dog owners who feed their pets natural ingredients insist that bread should be toasted before being fed to a dog. While such a habit makes the slices easier to crumble and compound with the rest of the diet , the starches in bread hold already been subjected to cooking and about all toasting does is to heave the texture of the bread.

Specialty flour products:
A carbohydrate source many times overlooked by a dog owner is the speciality product made from flour noodles , macaroni , and spaghetti. These hold an strength content comparable to other cereal mote products. And , like rice and hot cereals , they hold the advantage of being competent to be supplemental arid to a feed , then being cooked after the water has been supplemental. This gives the capability of mixing a unwieldy amount of arid feed at one time , then adding water and cooking small amounts as it is needed.